Egypt has no malaria risk, so bite avoidance is about other infections rather than antimalarial medication. Dengue is reported in Egypt, and the mosquitoes that spread it often bite during the day, including around towns and built-up areas. Use repellent, cover skin when you can and choose accommodation where screens or air conditioning reduce bites. Hepatitis A is commonly recommended for previously unvaccinated travellers because it spreads through contaminated food and water. Tetanus should be up to date, especially if you may be away from good medical facilities or doing activities where cuts are likely. Typhoid vaccination may be worth discussing for longer stays, frequent travel, family visits or trips where food hygiene will be variable. Rabies is present in Egypt. The risk is not equal for every traveller, but bites, scratches and licks on broken skin need urgent medical advice. Pre-travel rabies vaccination is often discussed for children, runners, cyclists, longer trips and itineraries where prompt treatment may be difficult to reach. There is also a yellow fever certificate rule for travellers arriving from, or transiting for more than 12 hours through, a country with yellow fever risk. Egypt also has some polio certificate requirements for certain travellers, so this is checked against your route. Freshwater is another specific issue: avoid swimming, wading or washing in untreated rivers, canals, lakes or streams because of schistosomiasis risk.